Culture
Indonesia has about 300 ethnic groups, each ethnic culture that has developed over the centuries, influenced by Indian culture, Arabic, Chinese, and Europe, including the Malay culture itself. For example Java and Bali dance has traditional and cultural aspects of Hindu mythology, such as leather puppet show of stories about the incident mitologis Hindu Ramayana and Baratayuda. Many also contain the art of dance values of Islam. Some of them can be found in areas such as Sumatra Ratéb Meuseukat dance and dance Seudati of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.
Art pantun, gurindam, and so forth from various regions such as the Malay pantun, and pantun-pantun acapkali used in other events in the particular that is, stage art, and others.
In the field of clothing the famous cultural heritage around the world is batik handicrafts. Some of the famous local batik industry will include Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Cirebon, Pandeglang, Garut, Tasikmalaya and Pekalongan. Batik crafts this is claimed by Malaysia with batiknya industry. Clothing native Indonesia from Sabang to Merauke other identifiable 
The most dominant influence in the architecture is architecture India, but there is also the influence of Chinese architecture, Arab, and Europe.
The most popular sports in Indonesia are badminton and soccer, UEFA Super league is the main football clubs in Indonesia. Traditional sports, including kick takraw and karapan cattle in Madura. In the region with a history of inter-ethnic war, the contest was held contention, such as names in the Flores and Sumba in pasola. Pencak Silat is the art of self-care is a unique region comes from Indonesia. Art of self-care is sometimes displayed on the events showtimes are usually followed by the traditional music form of Indonesian gamelan music and other traditional arts in accordance with the original. Sports in Indonesia are usually male-oriented sports and spektator often associated with gambling is illegal in Indonesia. Art music in both traditional and modern is very much outward from Sabang to Merauke.
Every province in Indonesia have a traditional music with something special apart. Traditional music, including Keroncong who comes from the descendants of Portuguese in the area of Tugu, Jakarta, which is known by all people of Indonesia and even to other countries. There is also the music merakyat in Indonesia that is known by the name of Dangdut music influenced by Arab, Indian, and Malay.
Traditional musical instrument which is a typical musical instrument has a lot of fad in the various regions of Indonesia, but also a lot of Indonesian traditional musical instrument 'stolen' by other countries for the addition of culture and art music with its own patent copyright of art and culture of Indonesia. Indonesian traditional musical instrument, among others, include:
* Angklung
* Bende
* Calung
* Dermenan
* Gamelan
* Gandang Tabuik
* Gendang Bali
* Gendang Karo
* Malay Gendang
* Gong Kemada
* Gong Lambus
* Jidor
* Harp flute
* Java kendang
* Kenong
* Kulintang
* Rebab
* Pin
* Saluang
* Saron
* Sasando
* Flute
* Seurune Kale
* Flute Lembang
* Flute Sunda
* Talempong
* Tanggetong
* Tifa, and so forth
Proof of any posts in Indonesia is different inscription in Sanskrit on the 5-century BC. Important figure in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli criticizing the treatment of Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era Netherlands; Muhammad Yamin and Hamka passed which is the author and pre-independence politician, and Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesia novel of the most famous. Many Indonesians have a strong oral tradition, which helped define and maintain their cultural identity. Freedom of the press in Indonesia increased after the end of President Soeharto. Television stations, including ten private national television stations and networks that compete with local television station TVRI country. Private radio stations broadcast their news programs and foreign broadcasting. Reportedly, there are 20 million internet users in Indonesia in 2007. Use of the Internet on a limited minority population, estimated at 8.5%.
Sunday, January 11, 2009
Culture
demography
According to the census of 2000, Indonesia has a population of around 206 million, and estimated that in 2006 a 222 million. 130 million (more than 50%) live in Java island, which is inhabited islands where the most at once was the capital of Jakarta. Most (95%) the population is Malay nation, and there are also ethnic groups, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and especially in Eastern Indonesia. Many Indonesians who claim themselves as part of an ethnic group is more specific, which is divided by language and region of origin, such as Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak.
In addition there is also the number of migrants who are ethnic minorities, Chinese, Indian, and Arabic. They have long come to the archipelago with the path of trade since last century BC to the 8 and settled into a part of Indonesia. In Indonesia there are about 4 million population is ethnic Tionghoa.Angka different only because in 1930 an the last time the government do with the census-grade bracket of the Indonesian people to the tribe and his descendants.
Islam is a religion be embraced by the majority of the approximately 85.2% of the population of Indonesia, making Indonesia the country with the highest Muslim population in the world. The rest are Protestant (8.9%), Catholic (3%), Hindu (1.8%), Buddhists (0.8%), and others (0.3%). Besides religion, the government also officially recognizes Konghucu.
Most people in Indonesia speak the local language as mother language, but the official language of Indonesia, Indonesian language, is taught in all schools in this country and mastered by almost the entire population of Indonesia.
Tuesday, December 23, 2008
Economic
Economic
Indonesia has a market-based economy where the government plays an important role. The government has more than 164 state-owned company set the price and some basic goods, including fuel, rice, and electricity. After the Asian financial crisis that began in mid-1997, the government maintain the share of assets, many of the private sector takeovers through bank loans and assets do not run the company through the process penstrukturan debt.
For more than 30 years of President Soeharto's New Order, economic growth per capita GDP of $ 70 to more than $ 1,000 in 1996. Through monetary and financial policies of strict inflation on hold for about 5% -10%, stable rupiah and can diterka, implement the system and the government budget balanced. Many of the development budget is financed through foreign aid.
In the mid-1980s the government began to remove barriers to economic activities. This step is aimed primarily at the external and financial sector and is designed to increase employment and growth in the field of non-oil exports. Real GDP grows annual average of close to 7% from 1987-1997, and a lot of analysis recognizes India as a market economy and major industries are growing.
Level of economic growth from 1987-1997 covering high some structural weaknesses in the Indonesian economy. Legal system is very weak, and there is no effective way to run the contracts, collecting debts, or the top of the bankruptcy. Bank activity is very simple, with a borrowing-based "collateral" and the extension of rules violations, including the borrowing limit. Non-tariff barriers, by renting state-owned companies, domestic subsidies, barriers to domestic trade, and create obstacles to export the whole economic disruption.
Southeast Asia financial crisis is over Indonesia at the end of 1997 and quickly turned into a political and economic crisis. Indonesia's first response to this problem is the increasing level of domestic interest rates to control inflation and increase in the rupiah weakening, and strengthen policy fiskalnya. In October 1997, Indonesia and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reached agreement on economic reform program which focused on macro-economic penstabilan and deletion of some economic policies that are harmful, such as the National Program Permobilan and monopoly, which involved members of President Soeharto's family. Rupiah still not stable within a fairly long time, until eventually forced President Suharto resigned in May 1998. In August 1998, Indonesia and the IMF agreed to fund the loan program under President BJ Habibie. President Gus Dur who was chosen as president in October 1999 and then extend the program.
Asia financial crisis since the end of the 1990s, which has at least over the fall of Suharto regime in May 1998, public finance has experienced great transformation. Financial crisis is causing economic contraction and a very large decline in a parallel public expenditure. Not surprisingly debt and subsidies increased dramatically, while development expenditure reduced sharply.
Today, a decade later, has come out of the crisis and are in a situation where once again the state has financial resources sufficient to meet the needs of development. These changes occur because of macroeconomic policies be careful, and the most important budget deficit which is very low. Also how to spend government funds have experienced the transformation through "major changes" decentralization of 2001, which caused more than a third of the overall government budget to switch to the local government in 2006. This is another equally important, in the year 2005, international oil prices continue to increase the domestic oil subsidies Indonesia can not be controlled, threatening macroeconomic stability that has been struggling to achieve. Although there are political risks that increases in oil prices will encourage a high level of inflation was increasing, the government took the brave decision to cut oil subsidies.
The decision to give U.S. $ 10 billion for additional spending for development programs. Meanwhile, in the year 2006 an additional U.S. $ 5 billion is already available thanks to a combination of the increased income that is driven by stable economic growth and a decrease in overall debt payment, the rest of the economic crisis. This means that in 2006 the government has U.S. $ 15 billion extra to spend on development programs. The country has not experienced 'fiscal space' that big since experienced an increase in income when the oil hikes in mid-1970s. However, the main difference is the large increase in income from oil 1970s purely financial success is only the unexpected. Conversely, when fiscal space is achieved as a direct result of government policy decisions are the heart and right heart.
However, while Indonesia has obtained remarkable progress in providing financial resources to meet the needs of development, this situation and are prepared to continue in a few years, the subsidy remains a major burden on the government budget. Although there is a reduction in subsidies in 2005, the total subsidy is about U.S. $ 10 billion of government expenditure in 2006 or 15 percent of the total budget.
Thanks to the government decision Habibie (May 1998 - August 2001) to decentralize authority to the local government in 2001, the bulk of the increased government spending channeled through local governments. The result provincial and district governments in Indonesia now spends 37 percent of the total public funds, which reflects the level of fiscal decentralization is even higher than the OECD average.
With the level of decentralization in Indonesia at this time and the fiscal space that is now available, the government of Indonesia has a unique opportunity to improve public services that terabaikan. If managed carefully, it allows the areas left behind in the eastern part of Indonesia to pursue other areas in Indonesia are more advanced in terms of social indicators. This also allows the people of Indonesia to focus in the next generation to make changes, such as improving the quality of public services and the provision of infrastructure such as targeted. Therefore, the allocation of public funds and proper management of the care of the funds are allocated at the time they have become a major issue for public spending in Indonesia kedepannya.
For example, while the education budget has reached 17.2 percent of total public spending, to get the highest allocation than other sectors, and take approximately 3.9 percent of GDP in 2006, compared with only 2.0 percent of GDP in 2001 - the total public health expenditure is still under 1.0 percent of GDP. Meanwhile, public infrastructure investment is still not fully recover from the lowest post-crisis level and is still on the 3.4 percent of GDP. One other area which is the focus at this time is the level of expenditure for the administration of the extraordinary high. Achieve as much as 15 percent in 2006, shows a scattering of significant resources on the public.
Indonesian Geography
Geography
Indonesia has 17,504 islands large and small, around 6,000 of them are uninhabited, which spread around the equator, which provides tropical weather. Indonesia is located on the position coordinates 6 ° N - 11 ° 08'LS and from 95 ° 'BB - 141 ° 45'BT and located between two continents, namely Asia continent and Australia / Oceania.
Indonesian territory along the 3,977-mile range of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Area land is 1,922,570 km ² and the broad waters 3,257,483 km ². The island population is the most populous island, where half the population living Indonesia. Indonesian consists of 5 major islands, namely: Java with a 132,107 km ², Sumatra with a 473,606 km ², Kalimantan with a 539,460 km ², South with a 189,216 km ², and Papua, with a 421,981 km ². Delivery of Indonesia over the direction of the wind, namely:
* North: Country Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and South China Sea
* South: Country Australia, Timor Leste, and the Indian Ocean
* West: Indian Ocean
* East: the State of Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste, and Pacific Ocean
Location also is located in tektonik plates, which means that Indonesia is exposed to the earthquake-prone and could cause a tsunami. Indonesia also has many volcanoes, one of the mountain is very famous Krakatau, located in the Sunda strait between Sumatra and Java.
Province of Indonesia
Provinces in Indonesia and its capital
Sumatra
* Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam - Banda Aceh
* North Sumatra - Medan
* West Sumatra - Padang
* Riau - Pekanbaru
* Riau - Tanjung Pinang
* Jambi - Jambi
* South Sumatra - Palembang
* Bangka Belitung Islands - Pangkal Pinang
* Bengkulu - Bengkulu
* Lampung - Bandar Lampung
Java
* Capital Region Special Jakarta - Jakarta
* Banten - Serang
* West Java - Bandung
* Central Java - Semarang
* Special Region of Yogyakarta - Yogyakarta
* East Java - Surabaya
Small Sunda Islands
* Bali - Denpasar
* Nusa Tenggara Barat - Mataram
* East Nusa Tenggara - Kupang
Kalimantan
* Kalimantan Barat - Pontianak
* Central Kalimantan - Palangkaraya
* South Kalimantan - Banjarmasin
* East Kalimantan - Samarinda
Sulawesi
* North Sulawesi - Manado
* Gorontalo - Gorontalo
* Central Sulawesi - Palu
* South West - Mamuju
* South Sulawesi - Makassar
* South East Sulawesi - Kendari
Maluku
* Maluku - Ambon
* North Maluku - Ternate
Papua
* West Papua - Manokwari
* Papua - Jayapura
Friday, December 19, 2008
Administrative division
Administrative division of Indonesia
Indonesia currently consists of 33 provinces, five of them special areas. Each province has legislatur agencies and the governor. Province divided into districts and the city, which is divided into sub-districts and villages and again to the village.
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Jakarta, IN Yogyakarta, Papua and West Papua have the privilege legislatur a greater level of autonomy and higher than the central government than other provinces. For example, the government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam have the right to establish their own legal system; in 2003, the first set of Aceh Sharia law. Obtain the status of Yogyakarta Special Region as recognition of the important role of Yogyakarta in Indonesia's support for Indonesia's Revolution. Papua Province, previously called Irian Jaya, get a special autonomy status in 2001. Jakarta is a special regional capitals. Portuguese Timor in the region combined to become a province of Indonesia and East Timor in 1979-1999, then separate them into the State through a referendum in East Timor.
